functions in std.i - w
warranty
warranty
Keyword, defined at i0/std.i line 72
SEE
copyright
where
where(x)
returns the vector of longs which is the index list of non-zero
values in the array x. Thus, where([[0,1,3],[2,0,4]]) would
return [2,3,4,6]. If noneof(x), where(x) is a special range
function which will return a nil value if used to index an array;
hence, if noneof(x), then x(where(x)) is nil.
If x is a non-zero scalar, then where(x) returns a scalar value.
The rather recondite behavior for scalars and noneof(x) provides
maximum performance when the merge function to be used with the
where function.
Builtin function, documented at i0/std.i line 850
SEE ALSO:
where2,
merge,
merge2,
allof,
anyof,
noneof,
nallof,
sort
where2
where2(x)
like where(x), but the returned list is decomposed into indices
according to the dimensions of x. The returned list is always
2 dimensional, with the second dimension the same as the dimension
of where(x). The first dimension has length corresponding to the
number of dimensions of x. Thus, where2([[0,1,3],[2,0,4]]) would
return [[2,1],[3,1],[1,2],[3,2]].
If noneof(x), where2 returns [] (i.e.- nil).
Interpreted function, defined at i0/std.i line 864
SEE ALSO:
where,
merge,
merge2,
allof,
anyof,
noneof,
nallof,
sort
write
n= write(f, format=fstring, linesize=l, obj1, obj2, ...)
n= write(format=fstring, linesize=l, obj1, obj2, ...)
or strings= swrite(format=fstring, linesize=l, obj1, obj2, ...)
writes text to I/O stream F (1st form), or to the terminal (2nd
form), or to the STRINGS string array (3rd form), representing
arrays OBJ1, OBJ2, ..., according to the optional FSTRING. The
optional linesize L defaults to 80 characters, and helps restrict
line lengths when FSTRING is not given, or does not contain
newline directives. The write function always appends to the
end of a text file; the position for a sequence of reads is
not affected by intervening writes.
There must be one conversion specifier (see below) in FSTRING for
each OBJ to be written; the type of the conversion specifier must
generally match the type of the OBJ. That is, an integer OBJ
requires an integer specifier (d, i, o, u, x, or c) in FSTRING,
a real OBJ requires a real specifier (e, f, or g), a string OBJ
requires the string specifier (s), and a pointer OBJ requires a
the pointer specifier (p). An OBJ may not be complex, a structure
instance, or any non-array Yorick object. If FSTRING is not
supplied, or if it has fewer conversion specifiers than the
number of OBJ arguments, then Yorick supplies default specifiers
(" %8ld" for integers, " %14.6lg" for reals, " %s" for strings, and
" %8p" for pointers). If FSTRING contains more specifiers than
there are OBJ arguments, the part of FSTRING beginning with the
first specifier with no OBJ is ignored.
The OBJ may be scalar or arrays, but the dimensions of the OBJ
must be conformable. If the OBJ are arrays, Yorick behaves as
if he write were called in a loop dimsof(OBJ1, OBJ2, ...) times,
writing one array element of each of the OBJ according to FSTRING
on each pass through the loop. The swrite function returns a
string array with dimensions dimsof(OBJ1, OBJ2, ...). The write
function inserts a newline between passes through the array if
the line produced by the previous pass did not end with a
newline, and if the total number of characters output since the
previous inserted newline, plus the number of characters about
to be written on the current pass, would exceed L characters
(L defaults to 80). The write function returns the total
number of characters output.
The FSTRING is composed of a series of "directives" which are
(1) characters other than % -- copied directly to output
(2) conversion specifiers beginning with % and ending with a
character specifying the type of conversion -- specify
how to convert an OBJ into characters for output
The conversion specifier is of the form %FW.PSC, where:
F is zero or more optional flags:
- left justify in field width
+ signed conversion will begin with either + or -
(space) signed conversion will begin with either space or -
# alternate form (see description of each type below)
0 pad field width with leading 0s instead of leading spaces
W is either a decimal integer specifying the minimum field width
(padded as specified by flags), or not present to use the
minimum number of characters required.
.P is either a decimal integer specifying the precision of the
result, or not present to get the default. For integers, this
is the number of digits to be printed (possibly forcing leading
zeroes), and defaults to 1. For reals, this is the number of
digits after the decimal point, and defaults to 6. For strings,
this is the maximum number of characters to print, and defaults
to infinity.
S is either one of the characters 'h', 'l', or 'L', or not
present. Yorick allows this for compatibility with the C
library functions, but ignores it.
C is a character specifying the type of conversion:
d, i - decimal integer
o - octal integer (# forces leading 0)
u - unsigned decimal integer (same as d for Yorick)
x, X - hex integer (# forces leading 0x)
f - floating point real in fixed point notation
(# forces decimal)
e, E - floating point real in scientific notation
g, G - floating point real in fixed or scientific notation
depending on the value converted (# forces decimal)
s - string of ASCII characters
c - integer printed as corresponding ASCII character
p - pointer
% - the ordinary % character; complete conversion
specification must be "%%"
The write function is modeled on the ANSI standard C library
fprintf and sprintf functions, but differs in several respects:
(1) Yorick's write cannot handle the %n conversion specifier
in FSTRING.
(2) Yorick's write may insert additional newlines if the OBJ
are arrays, to avoid extremely long output lines.
Builtin function, documented at i0/std.i line 2144
SEE ALSO:
print,
exit,
error,
read,
rdline,
open,
close,
save,
restore
